/* ==========================================================================
   English edition — paper & copper design system
   Standalone stylesheet. Does not import the Chinese edition CSS.
   ========================================================================== */

:root{
  --paper:#f7f2e8;
  --paper-2:#efe7d8;
  --paper-3:#e6dcc9;
  --ink:#1a1611;
  --ink-2:#3a3229;
  --muted:#6b6052;
  --faint:#8d8273;
  --copper:#8a6a2f;
  --copper-2:#b18f4d;
  --line:#d8cdb9;
  --line-soft:#e4daca;
  --dark:#1b1712;
  --dark-2:#241f19;
  --serif:"Iowan Old Style","Palatino Linotype",Palatino,"Book Antiqua",Georgia,"Songti SC",serif;
  --sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Inter,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
  --maxw:1120px;
  --read:720px;
}

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
body{
  margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--sans);font-size:17px;line-height:1.75;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
}
img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
p{margin:0 0 1.15em}
h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.2;margin:0}
::selection{background:rgba(138,106,47,.22)}

.wrap{width:min(var(--maxw),calc(100% - 48px));margin:0 auto}
.read{width:min(var(--read),calc(100% - 48px));margin:0 auto}

/* ---------- skip link ---------- */
.skip{position:absolute;left:-9999px}
.skip:focus{left:16px;top:12px;z-index:99;background:var(--ink);color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:6px}

/* ---------- header ---------- */
.hd{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:40;background:rgba(247,242,232,.92);backdrop-filter:blur(14px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.hd-in{width:min(var(--maxw),calc(100% - 48px));margin:0 auto;height:74px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:28px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex:none}
.brand-seal{
  width:38px;height:38px;flex:none;display:grid;place-items:center;
  border:1px solid var(--copper);color:var(--copper);border-radius:4px;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-size:20px;line-height:1;
}
.brand-txt{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px}
.brand-name{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:16.5px;letter-spacing:.01em;line-height:1.1}
.brand-sub{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint)}
.nav{margin-left:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px}
.nav a{
  padding:9px 11px;border-radius:5px;font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-2);
  letter-spacing:.005em;transition:.18s;
}
.nav a:hover{background:rgba(138,106,47,.09);color:var(--ink)}
.nav a.on{color:var(--copper);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 var(--copper)}
.nav-cta{
  margin-left:10px;padding:10px 18px;border:1px solid var(--copper);border-radius:5px;
  color:var(--copper);font-size:13.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;white-space:nowrap;
}
.nav-cta:hover{background:var(--copper);color:#fff}
.lang{margin-left:6px;font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--muted);border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:14px}
.lang:hover{color:var(--copper)}
.burger{display:none;margin-left:auto;background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:5px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-2);font-family:var(--sans)}

/* ---------- hero ---------- */
.hero{padding:76px 0 64px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr .75fr;gap:56px;align-items:center}
.eyebrow{
  display:inline-block;margin-bottom:22px;padding:6px 12px;border:1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius:99px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--copper);
}
.hero h1{font-size:clamp(38px,4.6vw,58px);line-height:1.08;margin-bottom:20px}
.hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--copper);display:block}
.hero-dek{font-size:19px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:34em;margin-bottom:32px}
.hero-actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin-bottom:36px}
.btn{display:inline-block;padding:13px 24px;border-radius:5px;font-size:14.5px;letter-spacing:.01em;transition:.18s;border:1px solid transparent}
.btn-solid{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}
.btn-solid:hover{background:var(--copper)}
.btn-line{border-color:var(--line);color:var(--ink-2)}
.btn-line:hover{border-color:var(--copper);color:var(--copper)}
.facts{display:flex;gap:0;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding-top:24px}
.fact{padding-right:34px;margin-right:34px;border-right:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.fact:last-child{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}
.fact b{display:block;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:26px;line-height:1.1;color:var(--copper);font-weight:600}
.fact span{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase}
.hero-fig{position:relative}
.hero-fig img{width:100%;border-radius:6px;filter:saturate(.92)}
.hero-fig figcaption{margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;color:var(--faint);letter-spacing:.03em}

/* ---------- section furniture ---------- */
.sec{padding:84px 0}
.sec-alt{background:var(--paper-2);border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.sec-hd{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;margin-bottom:40px;padding-bottom:18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.sec-hd h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3vw,34px)}
.sec-hd p{margin:8px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:15.5px;max-width:46em}
.sec-hd .more{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--copper);white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:.02em}
.sec-hd .more:hover{text-decoration:underline}

/* ---------- topic hub ---------- */
.hub{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.topic{
  position:relative;padding:34px 34px 30px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);
  display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:.2s;
}
.topic:nth-child(odd){border-right:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.topic:hover{background:rgba(138,106,47,.045)}
.topic-no{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--copper-2);margin-bottom:12px}
.topic h3{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:4px}
.topic .zh{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--faint);letter-spacing:.08em;margin-bottom:14px}
.topic p{font-size:14.8px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:18px}
.topic-list{list-style:none;margin:0 0 18px;padding:0;border-top:1px dashed var(--line-soft)}
.topic-list li{border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line-soft)}
.topic-list a{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:baseline;padding:10px 0;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-2)}
.topic-list a:hover{color:var(--copper)}
.topic-list time{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--faint);flex:none;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.topic-list .arrow{margin-left:auto;color:var(--copper-2);font-size:13px;opacity:0;transition:.18s}
.topic-list a:hover .arrow{opacity:1}
.topic-more{margin-top:auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--copper)}
.topic-more:hover{text-decoration:underline}

/* ---------- steps ---------- */
.steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;border-left:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.step{padding:0 32px;border-right:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.step b{display:block;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--copper);margin-bottom:14px}
.step h3{font-size:19px;margin-bottom:10px}
.step p{font-size:14.8px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}

/* ---------- dark band ---------- */
.band{background:var(--dark);color:#efe6d6;padding:80px 0}
.band-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:center}
.band .eyebrow{color:var(--copper-2);border-color:rgba(177,143,77,.45)}
.band h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3vw,34px);color:#f7efe2;margin-bottom:16px}
.band p{color:#c9bda8;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.8}
.band figure{margin:0}
.band img{width:100%;border-radius:5px}
.band figcaption{margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;color:#9b8f7c;letter-spacing:.03em}
.band .btn-line{border-color:rgba(201,189,168,.4);color:#e8dcc6}
.band .btn-line:hover{border-color:var(--copper-2);color:var(--copper-2)}
.band-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:22px 0 26px;border-top:1px solid rgba(201,189,168,.18)}
.band-list li{padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(201,189,168,.18);font-size:14.5px;color:#c9bda8}
.band-list strong{color:#f2e8d5;font-weight:600}

/* ---------- ethics ---------- */
.ethics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:28px}
.eth{border-top:2px solid var(--copper);padding-top:18px}
.eth h3{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:8px}
.eth p{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.eth-scope{margin-top:36px;padding:22px 26px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.45);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-2)}
.eth-scope b{color:var(--copper)}

/* ---------- contact ---------- */
.contact{background:var(--paper-3);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr;gap:56px;align-items:center}
.contact h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.2vw,36px);margin-bottom:14px}
.contact p{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:16px;max-width:34em}
.cbox{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:rgba(247,242,232,.75);padding:26px}
.cbox dl{margin:0;display:grid;gap:16px}
.cbox dt{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin-bottom:4px}
.cbox dd{margin:0;font-size:16px;font-family:var(--serif)}
.cbox a{color:var(--copper);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(138,106,47,.35)}
.cbox a:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--copper)}
.cbox .tiny{font-size:12.5px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px;font-family:var(--sans)}

/* ---------- footer ---------- */
.ft{background:var(--dark-2);color:#a99e8b;padding:56px 0 28px;font-size:13.5px}
.ft-in{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:40px}
.ft h4{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8d8171;margin-bottom:14px;font-weight:600}
.ft a{display:block;padding:5px 0;color:#bdb2a0}
.ft a:hover{color:var(--copper-2)}
.ft p{margin:0 0 6px;line-height:1.7}
.ft-brand{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19px;color:#efe6d6;margin-bottom:10px}
.ft-bot{margin-top:40px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid rgba(169,158,139,.18);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;font-size:12px;color:#857a6a;flex-wrap:wrap}

/* ---------- article ---------- */
.art-head{padding:56px 0 0}
.crumb{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.05em;color:var(--faint);margin-bottom:26px}
.crumb a:hover{color:var(--copper)}
.crumb span{margin:0 8px;opacity:.5}
.art-tag{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:18px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--copper)}
.art-head h1{font-size:clamp(30px,3.8vw,46px);line-height:1.14;margin-bottom:18px;max-width:24em}
.art-dek{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:19px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);font-style:italic;max-width:38em;margin-bottom:26px}
.art-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 20px;padding:18px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}
.art-meta b{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink-2)}
.art-body{padding:46px 0 20px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.82;color:var(--ink-2)}
.art-body h2{font-size:27px;margin:2.1em 0 .7em;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.25}
.art-body h2:first-child{margin-top:0}
.art-body h3{font-size:20.5px;margin:1.8em 0 .55em;color:var(--ink)}
.art-body p{margin:0 0 1.25em}
.art-body ul,.art-body ol{margin:0 0 1.35em;padding-left:1.25em}
.art-body li{margin-bottom:.55em}
.art-body li::marker{color:var(--copper-2)}
.art-body strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.art-body em{font-style:italic}
.art-body a{color:var(--copper);border-bottom:1px solid rgba(138,106,47,.35)}
.art-body .en-note{
  margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line-soft);
  font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--faint);font-style:italic;
}
.art-foot{padding:24px 0 80px}
.author{display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:24px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.45)}
.author .seal{width:52px;height:52px;flex:none;display:grid;place-items:center;border:1px solid var(--copper);color:var(--copper);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:24px;border-radius:4px}
.author h4{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:6px;font-family:var(--serif)}
.author p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.author p+p{margin-top:8px}
.rel{padding:0 0 84px}
.rel h3{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);font-family:var(--sans);margin-bottom:20px;font-weight:600}
.rel-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:24px}
.rel-card{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px}
.rel-card a{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.4;display:block;margin-bottom:8px}
.rel-card a:hover{color:var(--copper)}
.rel-card time{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--faint);text-transform:uppercase}

/* ---------- article index ---------- */
.idx-head{padding:64px 0 44px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.idx-head h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4vw,48px);margin-bottom:16px}
.idx-head p{color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;max-width:40em;margin:0}
.filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding:28px 0 0}
.filters button{background:none;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:99px;padding:8px 16px;font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-2);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--sans);transition:.16s}
.filters button:hover{border-color:var(--copper);color:var(--copper)}
.filters button.on{background:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}
.idx-list{padding:16px 0 90px}
.idx-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:120px 1fr auto;gap:28px;align-items:baseline;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);transition:.18s}
.idx-row:hover{background:rgba(138,106,47,.04)}
.idx-row time{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--faint);text-transform:uppercase;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.idx-row h3{font-size:21px;margin-bottom:6px;line-height:1.3}
.idx-row:hover h3{color:var(--copper)}
.idx-row p{margin:0;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--muted);max-width:52em}
.idx-row .cat{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--copper-2);white-space:nowrap}

/* ---------- topic page ---------- */
.tp-head{padding:60px 0 44px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.tp-head h1{font-size:clamp(34px,4.2vw,50px);margin:10px 0 16px}
.tp-head .zh{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--faint)}
.tp-head p{font-size:17.5px;color:var(--ink-2);max-width:44em;margin:0}
.tp-body{padding:60px 0 84px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 300px;gap:64px;align-items:start}
.tp-main h2{font-size:26px;margin:0 0 16px}
.tp-main h3{font-size:19px;margin:30px 0 10px}
.tp-main p{font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--ink-2);margin-bottom:1.1em}
.tp-side{position:sticky;top:100px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;padding:22px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.4)}
.tp-side h4{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:600}
.tp-side a{display:block;padding:9px 0;border-top:1px dashed var(--line-soft);font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-2)}
.tp-side a:first-of-type{border-top:0}
.tp-side a:hover{color:var(--copper)}
.tp-articles{list-style:none;margin:32px 0 0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.tp-articles li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.tp-articles a{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:baseline;padding:16px 0}
.tp-articles a:hover h4{color:var(--copper)}
.tp-articles h4{font-size:17px;margin:0 0 4px}
.tp-articles p{margin:0;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
.tp-articles time{font-size:11.5px;color:var(--faint);flex:none;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase}

/* ---------- faq ---------- */
.faq{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.faq details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft)}
.faq summary{cursor:pointer;padding:20px 0;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:17.5px;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px}
.faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.faq summary::after{content:"+";color:var(--copper);font-size:20px;line-height:1}
.faq details[open] summary::after{content:"–"}
.faq p{margin:0 0 22px;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);max-width:60em}

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width:1000px){
  .hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}
  .hero-fig{order:-1}
  .hub{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .topic:nth-child(odd){border-right:0}
  .steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;border-left:0}
  .step{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-soft);padding:24px 0}
  .step:first-child{padding-top:0}
  .band-grid,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:36px}
  .ethics{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .ft-in{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:32px}
  .tp-body{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:40px}
  .tp-side{position:static}
  .rel-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .idx-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}
  .idx-row .cat{order:-1}
}
@media (max-width:760px){
  .nav{display:none}
  .nav.open{display:flex;position:absolute;top:74px;left:0;right:0;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 24px 18px}
  .burger{display:block}
  .hd-in{gap:12px}
  .lang{margin-left:auto;border:0;padding-left:0}
  .hero{padding:44px 0 40px}
  .sec{padding:56px 0}
  .facts{flex-direction:column;gap:16px}
  .fact{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}
  .art-body{font-size:17px}
  .ft-in{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .author{flex-direction:column}
}